This study examines the roles of vocabulary knowledge and word recognition speed in Chinese listening proficiency. A standardized listening proficiency test and a self-designed vocabulary knowledge test were used to measure participants’ listening proficiency and vocabulary knowledge respectively. The gating method was used to examine participants’ word recognition speed. The result shows a high correlation between vocabulary knowledge and listening proficiency and a high medium correlation between word recognition speed and listening proficiency. In terms of the contributions of vocabulary knowledge and word recognition speed to listening proficiency, the result shows that vocabulary knowledge contributes to 77.1% of listening proficiency and is a stronger predictor of listening proficiency. In contrast, word recognition speed does not contribute over or beyond vocabulary knowledge to listening proficiency.

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